- 目录
第1篇 湖南长沙马王堆汉墓女尸英文导游词
mawangdui is located in the eastern outskirts of changsha, about 4km from downtown changsha,in the preceeding centuries, it was bured here, hence the name 'mawangdui'formerly there were two eastern mounds here closely linked together.
from 1972 to early 1974, chinese archacological workers unearthed three tombs of the wester han dynasty here and achieved tremendous results that attracted wide attention at home and abroad.they excavated more than 3000 cultural relied and a well-preserved female corpse from the tombs.according to seals unearthed from tomb no2'chancellor to the prince to changsha','seal of the marquis of dai'
we know that the mawangdui was burial ground of licang , chancellor to the prince of changsha statte and mqrquis of dai in the early western han dynasty and his family.
according to the historical records , licang died in the secong year of the reign of empress lu . the occupants in tomb no3 were believed to be his son. unearthed from the tomb was a wooden tablet with the burial bate, which reads'the first day of the second month in the twelfth year' after careful textual research this was indentified as the twelfth year of reign of the han emperor wen ci . the corpse in tomb no1 is that of licang ' wife, whose personal name , according to an unearthed seal, was xingzhui, a study of conclusion that 'tomb no1 dates from about the 6th dacade of the 2nd century b,c
a little later than tomb no3 tomb no1 is the best preserved, and most of the relies showed here were excavated from this tomb.
now , i will introduce this thing to you one by one:
these are figurines 162 wooden figurines were unearthed from tomb no1 and 104 form tomb no3 , they fall into three categories:attendants, musicians and odd-jobservants. no doubt , they represent the numerous servants enslaved by the marquis of dai, which reveal the parasitic life of the family.
now , pls look at these instuments, an intact zither with 25 strings, pipes composed of 22 pierced bamboo sticks and a set of pitch pipes were found in tomb no1 , in addition , a zither , a t- stringed harp, pipes and bamboo flutes were excavated from tonb no3 . strinkingly bamboo reads were found inside . the pipes found in tomb no3 , there is a silvery point on each reed, which controls the pitch, this is the material evidence of the earliest reeds , ever used in wind instruments in the world.
these are weapons:they wre excavated from tomb no3, there are 38 weapons altogether, including bows a crossbow, arrows , an arrow seabbard, a weapon stand , halberds, with the weapon of the warring state period, the bow , the crossbow and arrows were somewhat improved so that arrows
could travel futher, along with the garrison map. they help us to get an idea of the military situation in chansha state.
we know that china is a very big agricultural state, and long long ago, when people lived in western han period , there had come into being somewhat developed cultivation and animal husbandry. look ,all these things were excavated from the tombs . the agricultural produce includes rice , wheat , barley, soybean, red peas, hemp seeds, vegetable;the animal produce includes deer , oxen, goats , sheep, pigs, bares ,chickens , fishes and even chicken eggs.
well. lacquer ware, so beautiful! 184 pieces of lacquer ware were unearthed from tomb no1 and 316 pieces from tomb no3, they includ tripods vases, square vases, boxes , toilet boxes, pitchers, ladles, cups, caved cup - containers, an armreat, a screen, a game tool and a dustpam , most of them r made of a wood base coated in lacquer, and some of a bamboo or hemp base, the designs, either painted in lacquer or pasted or incised with very fine strokes, were done in smooth and graceful.lines with gorgeous color, the exquisitely wrought lacquer wares indicate the highly developed state of lacquer crafts- manship and a side light on the economic situation of the early han dynasty. now, we have seen the areound parts of the first hall, pls follow me to the central past . here you can see the silk fabrics.
第2篇 湖南马王堆汉墓陈列馆导游词
马王堆汉墓在湖南省博物馆院内。1972年至1974年先后在长沙市区东郊浏阳河旁的马王堆挖掘出土。一号汉墓出土的女尸，时逾2100多年，形体完整，全身润泽，部分关节可以活动，软组织尚有弹性，几乎与新鲜尸体相似。它既不同于木乃伊，又不同于尸腊和泥炭鞣尸。是一具特殊类型的尸体，是防腐学上的奇迹，震惊世界，吸引不少学者、游人观光。女尸经解剖后，躯体和内脏器官均陈列在一间特殊设计的地下室内。
马王堆汉墓的发掘，对我国的历史和科学研究均有巨大价值，其出土文物异常珍贵。从三号墓中出土的帛书《五十二病方》，经考证，比《黄帝内经》（成书于春秋战国时代）可能还要早，书中记载了52种疾病，还提到了100多种疾病的名称，共载方280多个，所用药物计240多个。这是我国现在所能看到的最早的方剂。《五十二病方》的发现，补充了《内经》以前的医学内容，是一份非常珍贵的医学遗产。
马王堆三座汉墓共出土珍贵文物3000多件，绝大多数保存完好。其中五百多件各种漆器，制作精致，纹饰华丽，光泽如新。珍贵的是一号墓的大量丝织品，保护完好。品种众多，有绢、绮、罗、纱、锦等。有一件素纱禅衣，轻若烟雾，薄如蝉翼，该衣长1.28米，且有长袖，重量仅49克，织造技巧之高超，真是天工巧夺。出土的帛画，为我国现存最早的描写当时现实生活的大型作品。还有彩俑、乐器、兵器、印章、帛书等珍品。
一号汉墓的彩绘漆棺，色泽如新，棺面漆绘的流云漫卷，形态诡谲的动物和神怪，体态生动，活灵活现，具有很高的艺术水平。三号墓出土的10多万字的大批帛书，是不可多得的历史文献资料。帛书的内容涉及古代哲学、历史、和科学技术许多方面。经整理，共有28种书籍，12万多字。另外还有几册图籍，大部分都是失传的佚书。二号汉墓出土的地形图，其绘制技术及其所标示的位置与现代地图大体近似，先后在美国、日本、波兰等国展出，评价极高，誉为“惊人的发现”。
马王堆汉墓遗址位于长沙市东郊，距市中心四公里。因传为楚王马殷的墓地，故名马王堆。三座汉墓中，二号墓的是汉初长沙丞相畎侯利苍，一号墓是利苍妻，三号墓是利苍之子。三座墓中以一号墓规模最大，墓坑南北长19.5米，东西宽大17.8米，深16米。现在一、二号墓坑已经填塞，三号墓坑经过整理加固，保存下来，并新建了大跨度的顶棚，供人们参观。
西汉初期长沙国丞相、侯利仓及其家属的墓葬。位于湖南省长沙市东郊。长沙为汉长沙国首府临湘县所在地。该墓地曾被讹传为五代十国时楚王马殷的墓地，故称马王堆；又曾被附会为长沙王刘发埋葬其母程、唐二姬的“双女”。湖南省博物馆与中国科学院考古研究所1972年发掘了1号墓。1973至1974年初，发掘了2号、3号墓。1973年出版了《长沙马王堆一号汉墓》据《史记》和《汉书》记载，长沙相利仓于汉惠帝二年（公元前193）卒。2号墓发现“长沙丞相”、“侯之印”和“利仓” 3颗印章，表明该墓的墓主即第一代侯利仓本人。 1号墓发现年约50岁左右的女性尸体，墓内又出“妾辛追”名章，墓主应是利仓的妻子。3号墓墓主遗骸属30多岁的男性，可能是利仓儿子的墓葬。3号墓出土的一件木牍，有“十二年十二月乙巳朔戊辰”等字样，标志着该墓的下葬年代为汉文帝十二年（前168）。1号墓分别打破2号墓和3号墓，则其年代应再晚些。马王堆汉墓的发掘，为研究西汉初期手工业和科学技术的发展，以及当时的历史、文化和社会生活等方面，提供了极为重要的实物资料。
