第1篇 关于天安门的导游词
天安门城楼前后各有一对立于明代的汉白玉华表，每座华表高约10米，由三部分组成：底部是围绕有护栏的八角形台座，中间柱身，通体雕有盘龙和云朵，柱头横插云板，东部城露盘上有一蹲兽，俗称“望天吼”。下面是带来的关于天安门的导游词，欢迎大家阅读。
关于天安门的导游词
天安门及广场位于北京市中心、城市的中轴线上。南北长880米，东西宽500米，占地面积44万平方米，可容纳100万人举行盛大集会，是世界上最大的城市中心广场。
辛亥革命以后，天安门广场对外开放。由于其处于城市中心，便成为了群众集会、演说游行的地方。1920xx年爆发的“五四”运动、1935年的“一二九”学生运动、1947年的“反饥饿、反内战”示威游行等，都发生在天安门广场。
1949年10月1日，毛泽东主席在天安门城楼上宣告中华人民共和国成立，并亲自升起了新中国的第一面五星红旗，首都30万群众参加了这一隆重的开国大典。
在天安门广场的最北面是一条贯穿北京东西的大街——长安街;五星红旗高高飘扬在广场北沿;人民英雄纪念碑耸立在广场中央;毛主席纪念堂位于纪念碑南侧，原大明门、大清门、中华门的所在地;正阳门城楼和箭楼是广场最南端的建筑;人民大会堂坐落在广场西侧;中国国家博物馆坐落在广场东侧。
首先我给大家介绍一下长安街。明清时期的长安街分两段，东长安街是从长安左门到东单牌楼;西长安街是从长安右门到西单牌楼，全长约10里，俗称“10里长街”。1966年长安街进行改造，成为了一条横贯北京城东西的交通要道。今日的长安街东起通州区，西至石景山区，平均宽度70米，最宽处100米。全长92华里，号称“百里长街”。
经过长安街，就到了广场北侧。我们首先看到的是国旗和旗杆。国旗的设计者是曾联松先生。1991年，我国颁布了《国旗法》。为适应新的升、降国旗仪式的要求，对原旗杆基座和旗杆进行了改造。改建后的旗杆基座面积为36平方米，四周环绕汉白玉栏杆，周围有2米宽的台阶通道。基座外环铺2米多宽的赭红色花岗岩，最外层为5米宽的绿化带。绿化带的外的护栏由56个金色铜制隔离墩组成，象征56个民族团结在国旗下。新旗杆由无缝钢管制作，高32.6米，分4节组装，重达7吨，经过了特殊处理，可以20xx年不生锈。
另外，《国旗法》规定，升旗仪式分为节日升旗和平日升旗两种。逢国家重要庆典或每月1日，举行节日升、降旗仪式。届时由中国人民武装警察部队国旗护卫队官兵36人和军乐队队员60人，组成仪仗队，由军乐队现场演奏国歌。平日升旗仪式只有36名国旗护卫队官兵执行仪仗任务，仪式进行时播放国歌录音。国旗升降时间依据每天日出和日落时间来确定，整个过程为2分零7秒。
人民英雄纪念碑位于广场中央.1949年9月30日,中国政协第一届全体会议通过决议,在天安门广场竖立人民英雄纪念碑。当天下午，毛泽东主席率全体政协委员在天安门广场举行了隆重的奠基仪式。一年多后，确定以梁思成的设计方案为主，并征求多方意见形成今日之造型。1952年动工兴建，1958年5月1日举行了揭幕仪式。
我们今天看到的人民英雄纪念碑建在两层月台之上，通高38米，碑顶采用盝顶规制，碑芯重达60多吨，碑身由413块花岗岩垒砌而成，整体建筑使用花岗岩和汉白玉1.7万多块。碑身正面是由毛泽东主席亲笔题写的“人民英雄永垂不朽”八个大字。背面碑文由毛泽东主席撰文，周恩来亲笔书写，碑文内容是：“三年以来在人民解放战争和人民革命中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽!三十年以来在人民解放战争和人民革命中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽!由此上溯到一千八百四十年，从那时起，为了反对内外敌人争取民族独立和人民自由幸福在历次斗争中牺牲的人民英雄们永垂不朽!”碑身下面是小碑座，小碑座南北方向各雕刻3个花圈，东西各一个，四面共有8个花圈，花圈由牡丹、荷花、百合、菊花组成。小碑座下面的大碑座四周镶嵌着10幅汉白玉浮雕，内容按历史顺序依次为：“虎门销烟”、“金田起义”、“武昌起义”、“五四运动”、“五卅运动”、“南昌起义”、“抗日战争”、“胜利渡江。”在“胜利渡江”的两旁另有两块装饰性浮雕，内容为“支援前线”和“欢迎人民解放军”。全部浮雕共有180个任务，概括了我过100多年的革命史。人民英雄纪念碑是新中国的第一座大型纪念性建筑物。
毛主席纪念堂位于纪念碑南侧，门额上悬挂有华国锋题写的“毛主席纪念堂”金字匾额。毛主席纪念堂的全部工程仅用了6个月的时间，于1977年9月9日毛泽东主席逝世周年时正式对外开放。纪念堂的一楼分为3个部分，北大厅是举行纪念活动的地方。北大厅中央是毛主席的汉白玉坐像，坐像后面是一幅巨型绒绣祖国山河图。瞻仰厅中央是毛主席的水晶棺，水晶棺放在黑色的花岗岩棺床上，水晶棺内安放着毛主席的遗体，遗体上覆盖着中国共产党党旗。南大厅北面的墙壁上刻有毛主席的诗词《满江红 和郭沫若同志》。纪念堂北门和南门外各有两组人物群雕，四组雕塑中共有62个人物，是由来自全国18个省的100多名雕塑家共同完成的。
广场西侧是人民大会堂，它是为庆祝中华人民共和国成立10周年而建的。1958年破土动工，1959年国庆前完工，是五十年代十大建筑之一。人民大会堂平面呈“山”字形，中央最高处46.5米，是天安门广场中最高的建筑，它的建筑面积超过了故宫的建筑面积。大会堂四周共有廊柱134根，其中东侧正门有廊柱12根，每根高度25米，直径2米。均用天然大理石镶砌。门额上国徽直径4米，重达2吨。人民大会堂主要分为三个部分：南部为全国人大会办公区;中部是万人大礼堂，可容纳一万人举行会议;北部是宴会厅，可容纳五千人的宴会和一万人的酒会，是我国最大的宴会厅。
广场东侧是中国国家博物馆。20xx年2月28日正式挂牌成立，馆名由xx同志题写，是五十年代十大建筑之一。国家博物馆的南半部是中国历史博物馆，里面的基本陈列是“中国通史”，时间从170万年前的元谋人开始，一直到清王朝灭亡;北半部是中国革命博物馆，里面收藏的是自1840年鸦片战争以来的近代和现代文物。其中珍品有：林则徐虎门销烟的奏折、清宣统皇帝的退位诏书、开国大典时升起的第一面五星红旗等。
第2篇 天安门的英文导游词
tian＇anmen (the gate of heavenly peace), is located in the center of beijing. it was first built in 1417 and named chengtianmen (the gate of heavenly succession). at the end of the ming dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. when it was rebuilt under the qing in 1651, it was renamed tian＇anmen, and served as the main entrance to the imperial city, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. the southern sections of the imperial city wall still stand on both sides of the gate. the tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. according to the book of changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign. during the ming and qing dynasties, tian＇anmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. the most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps:
1) the minister of rites would receive the edict in taihedian (hall of supreme harmony), where the emperor was holding his court. the minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan (tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via taihemen (gate of supreme harmony)
2) the minister would put the tray in a miniature longting (dragon pavilion). beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via wumen (meridian gate), to tian＇anmen gate tower. 3) a courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. the civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.
4) the courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. the document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the ministry of rites.
5) the edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country. such a process was historically recorded as imperial edict issued by golden phoenix. during the ming and qing dynasties tian＇anmen was the most important passage. it was this gate that the emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.
on the westside of tian＇anmen stands zhongshanpark (dr. sun yat-sen＇s park), and on the east side, the working people＇s cultural palace. the park was formerly called shejitan (altar of land and grain), built in 1420 for offering sacrificial items to the god of land. it was opened to the public as a park in 1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the great pioneer of the chinese democratic revolution. the working people＇s cultural palace used to be taimiao (the supreme ancestral temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.
the stream in front of tian＇anmen is called waijinshuihe (outer golden river), with seven marble bridges spanning over it . of these seven bridges, historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called yuluqiao (imperial bridge). the bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called wanggongqiao (royal＇s bridges). farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named pinjiqiao (ministerial bridges). the remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and were called gongshengqiao (common bridges). they are the one in front of the supreme ancestral temple to the east and the one in front of the altar of land and grain to the west.
